What is the purpose of pressure equalization techniques during a dive?

The purpose of pressure equalization techniques during a dive is specifically to maintain inner ear pressure relative to the external water pressure. As a diver descends, the surrounding water pressure increases, which can lead to discomfort or potential injury if the pressure in the middle ear is not equalized. This is important because the inner ear, being a closed space, doesn't automatically adjust to changes in external pressure.

When divers perform equalization techniques, such as the Valsalva maneuver or the Toynbee maneuver, they help to equalize pressure in the middle ear with the water pressure outside. Failing to equalize can lead to barotrauma, a condition where the pressure difference causes pain and can even cause physical damage to the ear tissues. Thus, using effective equalization techniques is crucial for ensuring safety and comfort during scuba diving.