How is the size of waves measured?

The size of waves is most accurately measured by the vertical distance from crest to trough. This measurement represents the height of the wave, which is a key factor in understanding wave dynamics and their energy. Waves are defined by the height because it indicates the force they carry and their potential impact on structures, marine navigation, and diving.

The vertical distance from the highest point of the wave (the crest) to the lowest point (the trough) provides a clear indication of the wave's energy and intensity. In oceanography and surfing, for example, this measurement helps determine the strength and suitability of waves for various activities.

While horizontal distances, such as crest to crest or trough to trough, are important in describing the wavelength of a wave, they do not reflect the energy or size of the wave itself in the same way that crest-to-trough height does. Thus, focusing on the vertical dimension gives a more direct assessment of a wave's characteristics and behavior.